Kingdom of the Himalayas – Trek through Mustang Nepal’s untouched desert landscapes and ancient trails.
Spiritual Treasures – Visit Lo Manthang, Muktinath, and centuries-old monasteries steeped in Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
Vibrant Festivals – Experience cultural events like the Tiji Festival in Upper Mustang and Yartung in Lower Mustang.
Trekking for All Levels – Choose between the adventurous Upper Mustang trek and the accessible Lower Mustang trail.
Historical Wonders – Discover sky caves, prayer walls, and the preserved legacy of the Forbidden Kingdom.
Easy Access with Deep Culture – Reach Mustang via flights from Pokhara and explore the Mustang district’s distinct culture and dress.
Overview of Mustang Nepal
Mustang Nepal is where time slows down—silent trails weave through high-altitude deserts, ancient monasteries cling to rugged cliffs, and the scent of incense drifts through the crisp Himalayan air. It's where nature, spirituality, and centuries of culture meet in breathtaking harmony. Whether you're an avid trekker or a cultural explorer, Mustang offers an adventure that’s raw, real, and unforgettable.
Tucked away in Nepal’s remote Trans-Himalayan region, Mustang is a semi-arid plateau with deep Tibetan roots. Once a thriving salt trade route, it’s divided into Upper Mustang and Lower Mustang, offering unique experiences through sacred caves, medieval villages, and dramatic landscapes. Known as Nepal’s “Last Forbidden Kingdom,” Mustang preserves a rich tapestry of tradition and spirituality. Located in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges, it's one of the few places in Nepal perfect for trekking year-round.
Are you curious to explore the secrets of Nepal’s last forbidden kingdom and its timeless wonders? Discover Upper Mustang with A1 Excursion Adventure—your unforgettable Himalayan journey begins here.
Mustang is a high-altitude district in north-central Nepal, nestled between the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges. It lies in the Trans-Himalayan region and is famously known as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom.” Because it sits in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, the Mustang region enjoys dry weather and features dramatic cliffs, deep canyons, and a stark desert landscape. Rich in Tibetan culture, it's a place where ancient traditions still shape everyday life.
Mustang District Map
Mustang Region Map, Nepal
The Mustang district is divided into two major areas: Upper Mustang and Lower Mustang. While Lower Mustang is more accessible and green, Upper Mustang is culturally Tibetan and geologically stark. Refer to any Mustang Nepal map and you’ll see Lo Manthang marking the heart of Upper Mustang.
Differences Between Upper and Lower Mustang
Understanding the difference between Upper and Lower Mustang is key to choosing the right Mustang trek. While both region lies within the Mustang district in Nepal, with Upper Mustang height ranging from 3,800 to 4,200 meters and Lower Mustang height from 2,700 to 3,800 meters, they offer distinct cultural and geographic experiences.
Upper Mustang, located in the northern part of the Mustang district, lies at a higher elevation with an Upper Mustang altitude ranging from 3,800 to 4,200 meters (12,467–13,780 ft). It features a barren, high-altitude desert landscape shaped by wind and time, with deep spiritual roots in Tibetan Buddhism. The region is home to ancient sky caves and the walled city of Lo Manthang, preserving centuries-old Himalayan culture. Due to its dry climate and rain shadow location, the Upper Mustang temperature typically ranges from -5°C in winter to 20°C in spring and autumn.
Lower Mustang, in contrast, sits at a Lower Mustang altitude of 2,700 to 3,800 meters (8,858–12,467 ft) and offers a greener, more fertile environment. It’s dotted with apple orchards, forested trails, and culturally vibrant villages like Marpha, Jomsom, and Kagbeni, inhabited by diverse groups such as the Gurung, Thakali, and Lhoba communities. The Lower Mustang temperature is milder, ranging from around 0°C in winter to 25°C in spring, making it more temperate and accessible year-round. Both regions fall within the Mustang Nepal trekking zone and offer distinct yet complementary cultural and geographic experiences.
Top Places to Visit in Mustang
Tsarang Monastery, Mustang, Nepal
From sacred pilgrimage sites to mysterious sky caves, the Mustang area is packed with attractions that combine natural wonder, ancient history, and living culture. Below are the most fascinating places to include in your Mustang trek itinerary.
Muktinath Temple – Sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists
Perched at 3,710m, Muktinath, Mustang Nepal, is a major pilgrimage site known for its eternal flame and sacred water spouts. Surrounded by majestic mountains, it’s revered by both Hindus and Buddhists.
Lo Manthang – The Walled City of Upper Mustang
A highlight of the Upper Mustang trek, Lo Manthang is home to royal palaces, ancient monasteries, and the vibrant Tiji Festival. It offers a deep dive into traditional Tibetan culture.
Caves of Upper Mustang – Chhoser, Sky Caves & Chungsi
Near Chhoser, the Sky Caves of Mustang Nepal are carved into cliff walls and date back 2,000–3,000 years. Explore the Shija Jhong Cave, a five-story network of ancient chambers. Nearby, Chungsi Cave is a revered meditation site linked to Guru Rinpoche and Lord Shiva.
Dhakmar and Its Red Cliffs
Famous for its blood-red cliffs, Dhakmar is steeped in legend and beauty. The cliffs are said to have been stained by the blood of vanquished demons and offer one of the most surreal stops on the Mustang trek.
Kagbeni – Gateway to Upper Mustang
Set on the banks of the Kali Gandaki River, Kagbeni is a charming village and the official checkpoint for Upper Mustang. Its monastery and narrow alleys offer a glimpse into Mustang’s past.
Marpha Village – Mustang's Apple Capital
Marpha is known for its apples and brandy, but it is also known for its stone-paved lanes and peaceful vibe. It’s a cultural stop in Lower Mustang that combines agriculture, architecture, and spirituality.
Trek in the Mustang, Nepal with A1 Excursion Adventure
Mustang, Nepal offers a unique blend of natural beauty and ancient culture, with diverse trekking options suited to both adventure seekers and cultural explorers. Whether you're trekking on foot through ancient trails or exploring by jeep, every journey into Mustang promises a deep connection with its Tibetan-influenced heritage and dramatic Himalayan scenery.
Upper Mustang Trek Packages / Itinerary
The Upper Mustang region offers a one-of-a-kind trekking experience through Nepal’s high-altitude desert, ancient Tibetan-Buddhist villages, and the once-forbidden walled city of Lo Manthang. A typical Upper Mustang Trek spans 14–18 days, starting from Jomsom and passing through culturally significant villages like Kagbeni, Ghami, and Charang. Trekkers witness dramatic canyons, centuries-old monasteries, sacred caves, and desert plateaus with stunning Himalayan backdrops.
Explore our most sought-after Upper Mustang experiences:
If you're looking for a culturally rich trekking experience without the altitude and duration of Upper Mustang, Lower Mustang offers the perfect alternative. This region blends sacred sites, stunning mountain views, and vibrant villages—ideal for those short on time but eager to explore Mustang’s charm.
Mustang is one of the few regions in Nepal where trekking is possible even during the monsoon, thanks to its location in the rain shadow of the Himalayas. The weather in the Mustang region plays a key role in this, allowing for year-round trekking opportunities. The best time to trek in Mustang is during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the skies are clear, temperatures are mild, and the region comes alive with color and culture. Spring offers blooming flowers and excellent photography conditions, while autumn provides crisp air and stunning mountain views. Summer (June to August) is also suitable, as the region remains relatively dry despite the monsoon elsewhere. Winter (December to February), however, brings harsh cold and snow-covered trails, making it more challenging and less accessible.
Mustang Trekking Permits and Costs
To trek Upper Mustang, you must book through a registered agency like A1 Excursion Adventure. Required documents for this trek include your passport, visa, and travel insurance. You must be in a group of at least two with a licensed guide.
Total Cost Breakdown for Mustang Trek
Upper Mustang Permit: USD 500 (10 days) + $50/day extra
ACAP Permit: NPR 3,000 (USD 25)
Guide and Porter: USD 25–30 per day each
Flights (Pokhara–Jomsom): USD 120–150 (one-way)
Accommodation & Food: USD 30–50/day depending on location
Local Culture in Mustang, Nepal
Mustang Neopal’s culture is a living reflection of ancient Tibetan traditions. Locals speak a Tibetan dialect and practice Tibetan Buddhism, which shapes their daily rituals, architecture, and community life. As you walk through Mustang’s villages, you’ll find colorful prayer flags fluttering in the wind, intricately carved mani walls, and centuries-old monasteries (gompas) that hold deep spiritual significance.
Traditional dress is still worn with pride—long-sleeved robes and vibrant aprons are commonly seen, especially during festivals. One of the most captivating events is the Tiji Festival (May 27–29, 2025), a three-day celebration in Lo Manthang that features masked dances and rituals to drive away evil spirits. In Lower Mustang, the Yartung Festival in Muktinath brings communities together for horse races, music, and festivities to celebrate the end of the harvest season.
How to Reach Mustang, Nepal
Jomsom Airport, Mustang
Most journeys to Mustang begin in Pokhara, with two main options to reach Jomsom—the gateway to Mustang.
By Air: A short 20-minute flight from Pokhara to Jomsom offers stunning aerial views of the Himalayas, including Mt. Dhaulagiri (8617m) and Mt Annapurna (8091m).
By Helicopter: Helicopter transfers provide a scenic, flexible way to reach Mustang quickly, often landing closer to Lo Manthang. We also arrange helicopter rides to Upper Mustang if required—perfect for maximizing exploration time or avoiding rough roads.
By Road: Adventurous travelers can drive via Beni -Tatopani- Marpha -Jomsom. While the roads have improved, the ride beyond Jomsom remains rugged and thrilling.
From Jomsom, trekkers can either hike north into Upper Mustang or take an alternative route via the Annapurna Circuit, crossing Thorong La Pass 5416m into Lower Mustang. For non-trekkers, Jeep tours to Lo Manthang offer a comfortable way to explore Mustang’s remote beauty.
đŸ‘‰ We also offer a guided Upper Mustang Jeep Tour—perfect for those seeking adventure without the trek. Check it out below!
Whether you’re headed for a full Upper Mustang trek or exploring Lower Mustang’s cultural sites, it helps to be prepared. Here are a few travel tips to make your experience smoother while trekking in Mustang, Nepal.
What to Pack for the Mustang Trek
Layered clothing for variable weather
Sunglasses, sunscreen, lip balm (very dry)
Reusable water bottles and purification tablets
Trekking poles and a light sleeping bag
Altitude Sickness, Safety, and Connectivity in the Mustang Trek
Due to the high elevation, some trekkers may experience symptoms of altitude sickness, especially in Upper Mustang. Acclimatization days are essential, and carrying medication like Diamox is recommended. After Jomsom, mobile networks become unreliable, and Wi-Fi access is limited. It’s wise to bring a power bank and inform your emergency contacts of your travel plans in advance for added safety.
Final Thoughts: Why Visit Mustang Nepal?
On the Mustang trek with A1 Excursion Family
Mustang Nepal is more than just a trekking destination—it’s a living testament to Himalayan heritage, where dramatic cliffs, silent valleys, and centuries-old traditions create an experience that feels suspended in time. Whether you're walking the ancient paths to Lo Manthang during the vibrant Tiji Festival or embracing the serene beauty of Lower Mustang, every moment in this mystical region inspires awe and reflection.
With better access and expert-guided tours, there’s no better time to discover the unique spirit of Mustang. This journey offers more than scenic miles—it offers lasting memories, cultural depth, and spiritual renewal.
Join Upper Mustang Trek With Us
If you're looking to explore this remote wonderland in Nepal with confidence, consider planning your trip with a trusted guide like A1 Excursion Adventure, experienced in crafting unforgettable Himalayan journeys.
1. Where is the Mustang in Nepal? Mustang is a remote Himalayan district north of Pokhara, bordering Tibet.
2. What is the difference between Upper and Lower Mustang? Upper Mustang is restricted and culturally Tibetan. Lower Mustang is more accessible with mixed cultures.
3. Is the Upper Mustang trek difficult? It’s moderately difficult due to altitude and dry conditions, but doesn’t require technical climbing.
4. Can I visit Mustang, Nepal, during monsoon? Yes! Mustang lies in a rain shadow, so it’s one of the few places in Nepal where trekking is great even in summer.
5. How long is the Mustang trek? Upper Mustang treks are usually 12–18 days. Lower Mustang can be done in 5–9 days.
6. Is a guide mandatory for the Mustang trek? Yes, for Upper Mustang. A registered guide and a group of at least two are required.
7. What is Lo Manthang known for? It’s the ancient capital of Mustang, home to royal palaces, monasteries, and the Tiji Festival.
8. How do I get to Mustang from Kathmandu or Pokhara? Take a flight or drive to Pokhara, then fly or drive to Jomsom, the starting point for most Mustang treks.
9. Do I need special permits for Lower Mustang? No special permit is required—just the ACAP (Annapurna Conservation Area) permit (NPR 3,000).
10. What’s the best time to visit Mustang? Spring (March–May) and Autumn (September–November) are best, with festivals and clear mountain views.
Raj Thapa
Founder & Managing Director Raj Kumar Thapa: Founder & Managing Director of the Company, and has over 2 decades of professional experience in the travel and trekking field. Mr. Raj has spent the entirety of his career in the travel & trek organization. He is passionate about providing meaningful travel experiences that leave people with a sense of wonder for the natural world. Mr. Raj Thapa is also a strong voice for wildlife and Environmental conservation, as it is a lifestyle and a mission for him. Besides his great experience, he was honored with many awards related to travel and tourism. In 2011/2012, he was honored with the TOURISM APPRECIATION AWARD 2011. He is also a Master's Degree Holder in Rural Development and has written a Thesis in this subject too.
